El 14 de agosto se celebró el 90 aniversario del Seguro Social, que provee beneficios a 70 millones o uno de cada cinco estadounidenses. A pesar de que ha probado ser una de las instituciones más estables del gobierno, no lo ha hecho sin generar muchísimas incertidumbres públicas con respecto a su futuro.
Según el Informe de los Fideicomisarios del Seguro Social de 2025, se proyecta que el fondo fiduciario principal se agotará en 2033, sin cambios con respecto a la proyección del año pasado. A menos que el Congreso tome acción, los beneficiarios actuales y futuros verán una reducción del 23% en sus beneficios.
Los analistas han estado diciendo por años que el Congreso nunca dejará que eso suceda, pero el Congreso aún no ha tomado acción. A pesar de esas promesas, esto ha traído inseguridad para muchos beneficiarios. Y para quienes el resto de sus vidas depende de los ingresos del Seguro Social, esto significa tomar decisiones (como tomar beneficios de forma anticipada) que quizás no les convengan en el largo plazo.
¿Debería preocuparme?
“Ese es el titular que todos mencionan, algo así como: ‘Oh, no, el Seguro Social se va a la quiebra,’” dice Brian Remson, especialista en planificación avanzada en Credent Wealth Management, en Woodway, Texas. “Sin embargo, no es justo decir eso, porque incluso en el 2035 habrá suficientes ingresos provenientes de los impuestos sobre la nómina para cubrir entre el 80 y el 85% de los beneficios.”
“Claro que entendemos y apelamos la emoción”, dice. “Sin embargo, la gente ve un titular y llega a una conclusión. Al hablar con clientes, por lo general no se pueden calmar las emociones con datos, por lo que hay que entender la inquietud.”
Jennifer Belmont Jennings, abogada y planificadora financiera certificada en MGD Law en St. Louis, Missouri, dice que no está preocupada, especialmente en el caso de la gente que ya está recibiendo beneficios. “Personalmente, no estoy preocupada porque aumentarán los impuestos y harán cambios para asegurarse de que se puede pagar el beneficio del Seguro Social,” dice.
“Puedo imaginar que harán cambios, pero pienso que si el Seguro Social se va a la quiebra y no puede pagar sus gastos, tendremos problemas más grandes entre manos,” dice.
Remson dice que la solvencia del Seguro Social ha sido un tema recurrente desde que comenzó a trabajar en el sector. “Por supuesto que entiendo que entre más dependen los clientes del Seguro Social, más estrés tienen.”
¿Qué pasa con la gente joven?
Si alguien debe estar preocupado sobre sus beneficios, es la gente más joven, quizás los millenial o la generación Z. Una posible causa del déficit del Seguro Social es que las personas viven más tiempo y, por lo tanto, reciben beneficios durante más años. Las posibles soluciones incluyen aumentar la edad de jubilación completa (actualmente 66 años) y aumentar el porcentaje de los ingresos sujetos a los impuestos del Seguro Social (actualmente $176,100).
Belmont Jennings dice que la gente más joven siempre debe estar preparándose para el futuro y planificar seriamente. “Deberían estar haciendo cálculos para ver cuánto dinero deben guardar y asegurarse de que tendrán lo que necesitarán después. Entre más pronto empiecen, menor será el porcentaje de los ingresos que tendrán que guardar para llegar al objetivo. Los análisis demuestran que se vuelve más difícil después. Así que, si estás guardando ese dinero ahora, vas a estar bien sin importar que pase.”
Impacto del proyecto de ley presupuestario de Trump
La bonificación de la deducción para personas mayores ha sido una de las partes más confusas del proyecto de ley. Promocionada como la eliminación de los impuestos sobre el Seguro Social, la disposición en realidad otorga a los contribuyentes de 65 años o más una deducción adicional de $6,000 ($12,000 para las parejas casadas). El impacto podría reducir considerablemente los ingresos sujetos a impuestos.
“Creo que las estimaciones muestran que casi el 60% de las personas ni siquiera pagaba impuestos sobre el Seguro Social”, dice Belmont Jennings. “Creo que a veces olvidamos que la mayor parte del país no tiene un patrimonio neto muy elevado. Así que muchas personas no pagaban ningún impuesto sobre el Seguro Social porque ya tenían una deducción estándar elevada. Y, de todas formas, no todo el Seguro Social está sujeto a impuestos.”
¿Esperar hasta los 70?
Tenga en cuenta que la recomendación nunca fue una aprobación general de esperarse a los 70 años para recibir los beneficios. De hecho, solo un pequeño porcentaje de la gente se espera hasta los 70: el 8%.
“No creo que nada haya cambiado,” dice Belmont Jennings. “Es una decisión muy personal.” Las personas con una esperanza de vida más corta (si sabe que probablemente no llegará a los 90) verán que, según los cálculos, tal vez les convenga empezar a recibir ese dinero antes. Si está casado y aún trabaja, podría tener sentido asegurarse de que la persona con el potencial de ingreso más alto del Seguro Social espere hasta los 70 años para comenzar a cobrar.
“Pero creo que esta es una decisión muy personal, que depende de sus circunstancias, de si continúa trabajando o no, y de si siente que tiene o no una expectativa de vida larga.”
“Todos somos diferentes,” dice Remson. “Lo más importante al hacer planificación financiera es no tomar esa decisión (de cuándo comenzar a recibir beneficios del Seguro Social) de forma aislada. Casi cualquier calculadora le dirá que espere hasta los 70. Sin embargo, ha habido instancias en las que si el cliente solo tiene activos en una cuenta IRA o en fondos de jubilación antes de impuestos, podría tener sentido que empiece a recibir el Seguro Social a la edad de jubilación completa para garantizar flujo de efectivo, en lugar de esperar hasta los 70 años.”
SU TURNO
¿Qué cree que pasará con el Seguro Social? ¡Añada sus predicciones en los comentarios!
Rodney A. Brooks es un periodista y autor galardonado. Ex editor adjunto en jefe de finanzas de USA TODAY, sus columnas de jubilación aparecen en US News & World Report y Senior Planet.com. También ha escrito para National Geographic, The Washington Post y USA TODAY y ha testificado ante el Comité Especial sobre el Envejecimiento del Senado de Estados Unidos. Su libro, “The Rise & Fall of the Freedman’s Bank, And Its Lasting Socio-economic Impact on Black America” (“El ascenso y la caída del Freedman’s Bank y su impacto socioeconómico duradero en los negros estadounidenses”), se publicó en 2024. También es autor del libro “Fixing the Racial Wealth Gap” (“Arreglar la brecha de riqueza racial”). Su sitio web es www.rodneyabrooks.com
El uso de cualquier asesoramiento financiero queda bajo su exclusivo criterio y riesgo. Seniorplanet.org y Older Adult Technology Services de AARP no afirman ni prometen ningún resultado o éxito.
Photo: IB Photography – stock.adobe.com

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