Los estafadores se dirigen más que nunca a las personas mayores… y han encontrado una nueva estafa diabólica que preocupa a las autoridades.
Un nuevo estudio afirma que más de la mitad de las personas mayores en una encuesta reciente se han encontrado con una estafa y más de un tercio han sido víctimas. Casi tres cuartas partes dijeron que conocen a otras personas mayores que han sido estafadas.
“Gracias en parte a la tecnología moderna, las estafas son cada día más comunes en Estados Unidos”, sugiere el estudio. “Si hablamos de caer en estafas, las personas mayores suelen ser víctimas de estafas, especialmente cuando se trata de delitos cometidos por internet.”
El phishing es el encuentro más frecuente. Nueve de cada diez personas mayores han recibido un correo electrónico de un remitente sospechoso”, arroja la encuesta realizada por MedicareFAQ. “Si bien el 83% sabe cómo identificar enlaces de correo electrónico sospechosos, el 44% admite haber hecho clic en enlaces sospechosos en el pasado.”
Los estafadores toman como objetivo a las personas mayores y su dinero
Según el Informe sobre delitos por internet del FBI, en 2023 hubo 101.068 denuncias de delitos por internet por parte de estadounidenses de 60 años o más, lo que resultó en pérdidas financieras de 3.400 millones de dólares.
En 2023, el Centro de Quejas de internet del FBI dijo que recibió una cantidad récord de quejas (88.418) con pérdidas superiores a los 12.500 millones de dólares. Eso es un aumento del 10% en las quejas y un aumento del 22 por ciento en las pérdidas con respecto al año anterior, informa el FBI.
Principales estafas: Los cinco falsos
“Las cinco principales estafas denunciadas según el informe sobre fraude a personas mayores del FBI de 2023 son las infracciones de datos personales, las estafas de confianza y romance, las estafas por falta de pago o de entrega y las estafas de inversión”, afirma Zulfikar Ramzan, científico jefe y vicepresidente ejecutivo de Producto y Desarrollo en Aura, un servicio de protección contra el robo de identidad.
Ramzan dice que las estafas de soporte técnico fueron el tipo de fraude a personas mayores más denunciado en 2023. “Casi 18.000 víctimas de 60 años o más denunciaron este tipo de estafas”, afirma.
Aunque no fueron tan reportadas como las estafas de soporte técnico, las estafas relacionadas con inversiones fueron las más costosas: aumentaron casi 40% a $4,5 mil millones, dice el FBI.
Amenaza emergente
Probablemente lo más preocupante sean las nuevas estafas con tecnología de inteligencia artificial para la clonación de voz. Estas estafas utilizan una tecnología conocida como clonación de voz que puede replicar las voces de amigos o seres queridos. El Comité Especial sobre Envejecimiento del Senado de EE. UU. tiene testimonios de personas que han sido objeto de ataques en su sitio web.
La FTC dice que “la tecnología es prometedora, incluida la asistencia médica para personas que pueden haber perdido la voz debido a un accidente o una enfermedad. También plantea un riesgo importante: las familias y las pequeñas empresas pueden ser objeto de estafas de extorsión fraudulentas; a los profesionales creativos, como los locutores, se les puede apropiar de sus voces de maneras que amenacen su sustento y engañen al público”.
La FTC ha lanzado una iniciativa, The Voice Cloning Challenge (Desafío de clonación de voz), que ofrece premios en efectivo a los desarrolladores que presenten soluciones que puedan ayudar a los consumidores a evitar o detectar estas estafas de clonación de voz.
¿Quiere saber más? Actualmente, Senior Planet está desarrollando una presentación sobre desinformación e inteligencia artificial que incluirá imitadores de voz y deepfakes. ¡Manténganse al tanto!
Estafas típicas a personas mayores
Ramzan dice que las últimas estafas dirigidas a personas mayores explotan su confianza, su estabilidad financiera y, en ocasiones, sus conocimientos tecnológicos limitados. Estas estafas incluyen esquemas como:
- La estafa de los abuelos, en la que los estafadores se hacen pasar por autoridades que afirman que un nieto está metido en un lío y solicitan grandes sumas de dinero.
- Las estafas de impostores gubernamentales implican hacerse pasar por funcionarios para extraer información confidencial o pagos. Los falsos esquemas de inversión prometen altos rendimientos con bajo riesgo, aprovechándose del deseo de seguridad financiera de las personas mayores.
- Las llamadas automáticas y los mensajes de phishing intentan extraer datos personales o financieros con falsos pretextos.
- Los sorteos y las estafas de lotería informan falsamente a las víctimas sobre las ganancias, exigiendo pagos por adelantado o información personal para reclamar los premios. Las estafas de romances con personas mayores implican la creación de personas falsas en plataformas de citas para establecer relaciones y solicitar dinero con falsos pretextos.
- Las estafas de compras en línea engañan a las personas mayores para que compren productos fraudulentos o faciliten detalles financieros en sitios web falsos.
- Las estafas de caridad implican hacerse pasar por organizaciones caritativas para solicitar donaciones o información personal con fines ilegítimos.
¿Ha sido víctima? Encuentre los signos
Entonces, ¿cuáles son algunas de los signos de advertencia de que está a punto de ser víctima de una estafa?
“Una buena regla a seguir”, dice Ramzan: “Si alguien se acerca a usted, por cualquier motivo tratando de “ayudar”, probablemente se trate de una estafa.
Por ejemplo, si alguien le pide ayuda con un “wifi lento” o “internet desconectado”, pero nunca realizó una llamada de servicio, ¿cómo sabrían que necesita ayuda? Los estafadores suelen realizar cientos de llamadas antes de encontrar a una víctima. Evite dar información personal por teléfono, correo electrónico y mensajes de texto, o a cualquier persona que no conozca, especialmente si recibió una llamada aleatoria y fue contactado primero”.
El informe MedicareFAQ dice que hay formas de prevenir estafas, o al menos evitar ser víctima. “Las principales formas en que las personas mayores se protegen incluyen ignorar correos electrónicos y mensajes sospechosos o no solicitados (97%), realizar un seguimiento periódico sus finanzas (85%) y evitar compartir información personal en línea (81%).”
Además, Ramzan sugiere que debería registrarse en servicios de control de crédito y protección contra robo de identidad.
Si es víctima de una estafa, puede comunicarse con:
La Línea directa nacional contra el fraude a personas mayores al 1-833-FRAUD-11 (1-833-372-8311)
Centro de recursos de Victim Connect, (1-855-484-2846)
Corporación de servicios legales
Presente una denuncia ante el Centro de denuncias de delitos en internet del FBI
SU TURNO
¿Ha frustrado un intento de estafa? ¡Comparta su historia en los comentarios!
Rodney A. Brooks es el ex editor jefe adjunto/Finanzas de USA TODAY. Sus columnas sobre jubilación aparecen en US News & World Report y Senior Planet.com. Ha escrito para National Geographic, The Washington Post y USA TODAY. Brooks, autor de “Fixing the Racial Wealth Gap” (“Reparar la brecha de riqueza racial”), testificó ante el Comité Especial sobre Envejecimiento del Senado de Estados Unidos. Su sitio web es www.rodneyabrooks.com
El uso de cualquier asesoramiento financiero queda bajo su exclusivo criterio y riesgo. Seniorplanet.org y Older Adult Technology Services no afirman ni prometen ningún resultado o éxito.

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